Penerapan Barriers to Trade Terkait Perlindungan Public Health Perspektif Hukum Perdagangan Internasional
Abstract
Each country always tries to protect public health, one of which is by implementing trade barriers. Even during the current Covid-19 pandemic, many countries have imposed barriers to trade by issuing import and export restrictions and prohibitions on certain products. Trade barriers carried out by these countries certainly negatively impact supply chains during the pandemic and put countries that depend on the supply of imported goods in a difficult position in dealing with the health of their people. The WTO does not allow countries to apply barriers to trade. But on the other hand, the state is faced with the obligation to protect public health from the threat of transboundary disease transmission. This study aims to analyze the application of barriers to trade regulations related to the protection of public health from the perspective of international trade law. This type of research is doctrinal research with a legal approach. The author examines international conventions related to the problem so that it is known that the WTO allows the application of trade barriers to protect health. One of them refers to Article XX (b) of the GATT 1994. However, its implementation must comply with WTO provisions.Downloads
References
Adolf, Huala. (2006). Hukum Perdagangan Internasional (Persetujuan Mengenai Tarif dan Perdagangan). Jakarta: Badan Iblam.
Aria, Pingit. (2020). Virus Corona dan Lima Pandemi Paling Mematikan di Dunia. Katadata News and Research. http://www.google.com/ amp/skatadata.co.id/amp/berita/2020/03/12/virus-corona-dan-5-pandemi- paling-mematikan-di-dunia.
Biro Hukum Kementerian Perdagangan Republik Indonesia. (2012). Jendela Informasi Hukum Bidang Perdagangan, Kementerian Perdagangan. http://www.jdih.kemendag.go.id.
Buku Saku Kementerian Kesehatan. (2005). Panduan Petugas Kesehatan tentang International Health Regulation (IHR). Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Pengendalian Penyakit dan Pelestarian Lingkungan Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Desta, Melaku Geboye. (2020). Covid-19 and Export Restrictions; the Limits of International Trade Law and Lessons for the AfCFTA. www.uneca.org/atpc.
Djelantik, Sukawarsini. (2020). Kerjasama Global Menangani The Great Lockdown: Pendekatan Diplomasi Multijalur. Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional: Edisi Khusus.
Eurasianet. (2020). Kyrgyzstan Limits Livestock, Food Exports TO Avert Shortage. https://www.eurasianet.org.
Fuady, Munir. (2004). Hukum Dagang Internasional (Aspek Hukum dari WTO). Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti.
Gugus Tugas Percepatan Penanganan Covid-19. (2020). Peta Sebaran Covid-19, https://www.covid19.go.id/ situasi-virus-corona/.
Hardono, Gatot S., dkk. (2004). Liberalisasi Perdagangan: Sisi Teori, Dampak Empiris dan Prespektif Ketahanan Pangan. Forum Penelitian Argo Ekonomi. Vol. 22, No. 2.
Hata. (2006). Perdagangan Internasional dalam Sistem GATT dan WTO, Bandung: Refika Aditama.
Hata. (2016). Hukum Ekonomi Internasional: IMF, World Bank, WTO. Malang: Setara Press.
Juniman, Puput Tripeni. (2020). Penyakit Lintas Negara Meningkat, WHO Pertemuan Rapat di Bali. CNN Indonesia. https://m.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/2016062808570-20-141435/penyakit-lintas-negara-meningkat-who-pertemuan-rapat-di-bali.
Kementerian Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional/Bappenas. (2019). Fungsi Kesehatan Masyarakat (Public Health Functions) DAN Health Security. Direktorat Kesehatan dan Gizi Masyarakat Kedeputian Pembangunan Manusia, Masyarakat dan Kebudayaan Kementerian Pembangunan Perencanaan Nasional/Bappenas, Jakarta.
Korah, Revy S. M. (2016). Prinsip-Prinsip Eksistensi General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT) dan World Trade Organization (WTO) dalam Era Pasar Bebas. Jurnal Hukum Unsrat, Vol. 22, No. 7.
Maryansyah, Rizki. (2018). Hambatan-Hambatan Non-Tarif Perdagangan Internasional dalam Impor di Indonesia. (Skripsi). Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta.
Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. (2015). Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Kencana Pernadamedia Grup.
Pedoman Interim World Health Organization. (2007). Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) yang Cenderung Menjadi Epidemi dan Pandemi. Jenewa: World Health Organization.
Putri, Stephanie, dkk. (2014). Framework Convention on Tobacco Control sebagai Upaya Perlindungan Kesehatan dalam Konteks GATT. Diponegoro Law Journal, Vol. 3, No. 2.
Rezkisari, Indira. (2021). Kamboja Temukan Daging Kerbau Beku India Positif Covid. Republika. https://www.republika.co.id/berita/qwwk2n328/kamboja-temukan-daging-kerbau-beku-india-positif-covid.
S., I Wayan Titib dan A. Indah Camellia. (2012). Pelaksanaan Kedaulatan Negara Atas Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam Melalui Mekanisme Persyaratan Perdagangan. Yuridika, Vol. 27, No. 27.
S., Laurensius Arliman. (2018). Peranan Metodologi Penelitian Hukum di dalam Perkembangan Ilmu Hukum di Indonesia. Soumatera Law Review, Vol. 1, No. 1.
Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
Satriana, Djoni. (2016). Pengaturan Perdagangan Jasa dalam Hukum Ekonomi Internasional. Jurnal Surya Kencana Dua: Dinamika Masalah Hukum dan Keadilan. Vol. 5 No. 1 Juli 2016.
Sutanto, Marco Cahya. (2015). Konsistensi Hukum World Trade Organization (WTO) Mengenai Prinsip Most Favored Nation (MFN) atas Regionalisme dan Pandangannya Terhadap Asean Economic Community (AEC). Veritas et Justitia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Vol 1, No 2.
Syawfi, Idil. (2020). Implikasi Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Hubungan Internasional: Menuju Dunia Paska Liberal. Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional: Edisi Khusus.
Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade.
Wartini, Sri dan Risky Edy Nawawi. (2015). Penerapan Metode Proses Produksi dalam Perdagangan Internasional untuk Perlindungan Lingkungan dan Kesehatan. Jurnal Media Hukum, Vol. 22, No 1.
Wartini, Sri. (2007). Implementasi Prinsip Kehati-Hatian dalam Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement, Studi Kasus: Keputusan Appellate Body WTO dalam Kasus Hormon Beef antara Uni Eropa dengan Amerika Serikat. Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum, Vo. 14, No. 2.
Widyanigrum, Gita Laras. (2020). WHO Tetapkan Covid-19 sebagai Pandemi Global, Apa Maksudnya?. National Geographic Indonesia. http://www.nationalgeographic.grid.id.
World Health Organization: Regional Office For Europe. (2012). Public Health Services. European Action Plan for Strengthening Public Health Capacities and Services. https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/Health-systems/public-health-services.
World Trade Organization. (2020). DS34: Turkey - Restrictions on Imports of Textile and Clothing Products. https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/cases_e/ds34_e.htm.
World Trade Organization. (2020). COVID-19: Measures affecting trade in goods. https://www.wto.org/ english/tratop_e/covid19_e/trade_related_goods_measure_e.htm.
Copyright (c) 2021 Al-Qisthu: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu-Ilmu Hukum
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.