Correction and Retraction

Al Fiddhoh: Journal of Banking, Insurance, and Finance is committed to maintaining the accuracy, reliability, and integrity of the scholarly record. The journal recognizes that errors or concerns may occasionally be identified after an article has been published. When such situations arise, the journal will take appropriate and transparent action to correct the scholarly record in accordance with the nature and severity of the issue.

Corrections and retractions are handled in accordance with recognized publication ethics principles, including guidance from the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

1. Corrections

A correction may be issued when an error is identified in a published article and the error can be addressed without invalidating the overall findings, conclusions, or scholarly contribution of the work.

Corrections may include, but are not limited to:

  • Errors in author names, institutional affiliations, or other publication metadata.

  • Typographical or factual errors that affect the clarity or interpretation of the article.

  • Errors in tables, figures, equations, references, or other published content.

  • Omissions or inaccuracies in funding acknowledgments, conflict-of-interest declarations, or other required disclosures.

  • Other errors that require formal clarification to preserve the accuracy of the published record.

Requests for correction may be submitted by authors, readers, editors, or other parties who can provide relevant supporting information. The editorial team will assess the request and determine whether a formal correction is necessary.

When a correction is approved, the journal will publish a correction notice describing the error and the corresponding amendment. The notice will identify the original article and, where technically possible, be linked to it through the journal's website and bibliographic metadata.

The original article will generally remain accessible to preserve the publication history. Any changes to the published version will be clearly documented and made in accordance with the journal's publication and archiving policies.

2. Retractions

A retraction may be issued when the reliability, integrity, or ethical legitimacy of a published article is seriously compromised. Retraction is intended to correct the scholarly record and alert readers that the article should not be relied upon as a valid contribution in its current form.

Grounds for retraction may include, but are not limited to:

  • Clear evidence of fabrication or falsification of research data or findings.

  • Plagiarism or substantial unattributed appropriation of another person's work.

  • Serious errors in research design, methodology, data, or analysis that invalidate the principal findings or conclusions.

  • Unethical research practices or the absence of required ethical approval or consent, where applicable.

  • Duplicate publication or substantial redundant publication that violates accepted publication ethics standards.

  • Compromised peer review, manipulated publication processes, or other serious forms of publication misconduct.

  • Other circumstances in which the integrity or reliability of the published work is materially undermined.

Retraction does not automatically imply that every author was involved in or aware of the problem. The journal will assess the available evidence and the circumstances of each case before determining the appropriate action.

3. Retraction Procedure

When a potential need for retraction is identified, the Editor-in-Chief or an authorized editorial representative will assess the available evidence and may request explanations or supporting documentation from the authors.

The journal may consult independent experts, research institutions, research ethics committees, or other relevant parties when additional investigation is necessary. Authors will ordinarily be given a reasonable opportunity to respond to the concerns, subject to the circumstances and the need to protect the integrity of the scholarly record.

If retraction is warranted, the journal will issue a formal retraction notice explaining the principal reason for the decision. The notice will be factual, transparent, and proportionate to the findings of the assessment.

The retraction notice will identify the original article and be linked to it wherever technically possible. The original article will normally remain available in the journal's archive but will be clearly marked as retracted, including on the article landing page and in the full-text version where feasible.

The journal may proceed with an editorial decision when the evidence supports it, even if an author does not agree with the decision or does not respond to editorial inquiries.

4. Expressions of Concern

If substantial concerns arise about a published article but the available evidence is insufficient to determine whether a correction or retraction is warranted, the journal may publish an expression of concern.

An expression of concern serves to inform readers that an issue is under examination and that the reliability or integrity of the article may require further clarification.

The notice will explain the nature of the concern to the extent appropriate and will be linked to the original article. The journal may update the notice or take further action when additional evidence becomes available.

5. Responsibilities of Authors

Authors are expected to notify the journal promptly if they discover a significant error or ethical concern affecting their published work. They should provide a clear explanation of the issue and relevant supporting evidence.

Authors are expected to cooperate with editorial inquiries and provide accurate information necessary to evaluate the matter. Where appropriate, authors may jointly request a correction or retraction; however, the final editorial decision rests with the journal.

6. Editorial Independence and Fairness

All correction and retraction decisions will be made objectively and on the basis of the available evidence, the potential impact on the scholarly record, and recognized publication ethics principles.

The journal will not use corrections or retractions to resolve personal disputes, suppress legitimate scholarly disagreement, or penalize authors solely because their findings are controversial. Differences in interpretation or criticism of published research do not, by themselves, constitute grounds for retraction.

The journal will maintain appropriate records of its assessment and actions, while respecting confidentiality and applicable legal and ethical obligations.

7. Transparency and Preservation of the Scholarly Record

Al Fiddhoh is committed to ensuring that corrections, expressions of concern, and retractions are clearly identified and accessible to readers. Where technically possible, the journal will update relevant article pages, PDF files, and bibliographic metadata to reflect the applicable notice.

The journal will also take reasonable steps to ensure that relevant indexing services and repositories are informed of significant post-publication changes, subject to the capabilities of the publishing platform and applicable procedures.

Through this policy, Al Fiddhoh seeks to preserve reader trust, promote responsible scholarly communication, and maintain the integrity of the academic record.

This policy is informed by the publication ethics guidance of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).