Determinan Ketimpangan Ekonomi di Negara-Negara D-8: Bukti Empiris dari Fixed Effect Model dan Panel ARDL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32939/hsxb8x37Keywords:
Ketimpangan Ekonomi, D-8, Data Panel, ARDL, Perbankan SyariahAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ketimpangan ekonomi di negara-negara D-8 selama periode 2014–2023, dengan mempertimbangkan aspek-aspek makroekonomi, kelembagaan, keuangan, dan akses terhadap perbankan syariah. Variabel-variabel independen meliputi pertumbuhan ekonomi, pendidikan, infrastruktur, kebijakan pemerintah, korupsi, globalisasi, gender, krisis ekonomi, perubahan iklim, dan akses terhadap perbankan syariah, sedangkan ketimpangan ekonomi yang diukur menggunakan indeks Gini berfungsi sebagai variabel dependen. Penelitian ini menggunakan regresi data panel dengan pendekatan Fixed Effect Model (FEM) dan Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) untuk menganalisis hubungan jangka pendek dan jangka panjang. Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan heterogenitas yang tinggi antar negara dan antar variabel. Estimasi FEM menunjukkan bahwa hanya beberapa variabel yang memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap ketimpangan ekonomi, meskipun model tersebut mampu menjelaskan variasi ketimpangan di antara negara-negara D-8. Estimasi ARDL mengungkapkan perbedaan efek variabel dalam jangka pendek dan jangka panjang, yang menunjukkan bahwa ketimpangan ekonomi merupakan fenomena multidimensi dan dinamis. Temuan ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya kebijakan jangka panjang yang disesuaikan dengan konteks serta penguatan peran perbankan syariah dalam meningkatkan inklusi keuangan dan distribusi pendapatan yang adil.
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